They were not arguing the singularity of allah and muhammad being allahs messenger. Abu bakr was the fatherinlaw of muhammad and was an early convert to islam. Abu bakr was the closest friend and companion of muhammad and the first muslim caliph. Publication date 20040601 usage attributionnoncommercialnoderivs 4. Nevertheless, since it would not be practical to use a title such as khaliftu khalifti rasulallah, umar preferred the term amir almuminin that lays stress on leadership. Thus, the caliph served as the symbol of the supremacy of the sharia, as commander of the faithful amir almu. The first four caliphs of islam bahai library online. He also delves into the history of the ummayad rulers and their actions. Childrens 6 wife of holy prophet muhamamd hazrat ayesha siddiqa. He was one of the first men to convert to islam and was chosen by the prophet as his companion on the hijrah to medina. Not only did albaghdadi assume the first caliph s kunya, he also copied his inauguration speech on the occasion of his own investiture.
Abu bakr is remembered as the first of the four socalled rightly guided caliphs, during whose reigns many of the institutions of classical islamic. Biography of hazrat abu bakr ra, first caliph of islam. Although the caliph was not considered to possess spiritual authority as muhammad had, the caliph presided over a state governed under islamic law sharia whose territories constituted the abode of islam dar alislam. Abu bakr was the son of abu qahafa, and made his living as a merchant in makkah. The rashidun caliphate consisted of the first four caliphs of the islamic empire. The spread of islam and the progress of the caliphates. The institution of the caliphate has not existed since 1924 when the first turkish.
The islamic caliphate declared by abubakr albaghdadi a year ago is a most. See all 2 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Duel of the islamic states saudi arabia is a long way from pursuing meaningful reforms of wahhabi doctrine. The first caliph is a short biography of the man who led the islamic community after the death of the prophet muhammad peace be upon him. The decision over who should be the first caliph resulted in a division that has endured to this day. Abu bakr siddiq the first caliph of islam children story. When muhammad first invited his closest friends and relatives to islam, abu bakr was among the earliest to accept it. After death of muhammad in 632, abu bakr was elected caliph khalifatrasul allah by an. The rashidun caliphate refers to the period of the first four islamic caliphs abu bakr. Caliphate, the state comprising the muslim community in the centuries after the death of muhammad. This lesson is an overview of islam s progress from the faith of mecca to a faith for all the world.
Dec 19, 2011 hazrat abu bakar siddique573634 abu bakr b. Citizens agreed to nominating abu bakr, muhammads father in law and early convert to islam, and he would be the first caliph. In theory, it is an aristocratictheocratic constitutional republic lecker 251. The first four caliphs the successors to the islamic prophet muhammad reigned from the years 632661. This paper was originally written for submission during the final year of an undergraduate degree in. Kids and students learn about the first four rightly guided caliphs of the islamic empire including the rashidun caliphate, abu bakr, umar, uthman, ali, and. Saudi liberals criticism of wahhabism is tolerated as of early 2016 more than ever before, despite the kingdoms religious. After the death of mohammed, islam continued to spread through arabia, the middle east and africa. Atlas of the caliphate of first caliph of islam abu bakr. Jan 24, 2019 abu bakr assiddiq may allah be pleased with him was a wellrespected and rich merchant of makkah, belonging to the quraysh tribe. Abu bakr siddiq the first caliph of islam children story book th is book is about the life and teachings of this book is about the life and teachings of abu bakr siddiq may allah be pleased with himthe frist caliph of islam. All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found on the page at islamic empire first four caliphs. Her father, abu bakr, became the first caliph, and aisha was one of the. B y the time of muhammads death in 632, islam had become a dominant power in the arabian peninsula.
Abu bakr served as caliph from 632 until his death in 634. Department of history of islam, faculty of theology uludag university, bursa turkey abstract caliphate signifies maintenance of administrative affairs, led by muhammad a. Atlas of the caliphate of first caliph of islam abu bakr arabic addeddate 20190926 14. However, election of first caliph after the prophet was extremely. The first islamic civil war took place during the reign of ali and was fueled by controversy over the death of uthman. The journey of caliphate from 632 to 1924 international journal of. Many islamicists have assumed the shiite concept of the imamate to be a deviant development. A merchant and an expert on the genealogies ofthe arab tribes, abu bakr came.
In makkah, he freed many slaves but there is no evidence that he gave any help to muhammad. The first four caliphs of islam betsy omidvaran abstract this paper was originally written for submission during the final year of an undergraduate degree in arabic. Abu bakr abu bakr research papers look into the life of the companion and fatherinlaw to the prophet mohammed who became the first caliph of the muslim empire. Thus followers of islam consider the quran not the work of muhammad but as direct revelations from allah. The caliphate began after the death of muhammad in 632 ce. Abu bakr siddiq the first caliph of islam children story book,9788178985442. For the first time within the muslim community the selected caliph is the choice of just one faction. Abu bakr had the distinction of being the first caliph in the history of islam and also the first caliph to nominate a successor. The first caliph was in 34th direct lineal male descent of caliph umar ibn alkhattab. Ali, cousin and soninlaw of the prophet muhammad, the fourth and last of the rightly guided caliphs and the first imam of the shiah, reigning from 656 to 661 ce. When prophet muhammad peace and blessings be upon him was bestowed prophethood, abu bakr may allah be. The question of his right to leadership ultimately resulted in the splitting of islam into separate sunni and shii branches. History of faith, conquests, and conflicts first 100 years paperback december 24, 2015 by iqrasense author 4. Uthman was unpopular with some muslims, but nevertheless accomplished a great deal as caliph.
The first successor to muhammad was caliph abu bakr. Muhammad, of course, did not want any help from abu bakr or from. He was the only caliph in the history of islam who refunded to the state treasury at the time of his death the entire amount of the allowance that he had drawn during the period of his caliphate. It is said that abu bakr gave more material support to muhammad than anyone else.
This book tells of the great personal sacrifices made by abu bakr before and after he became the first caliph of islam. Ali was known as a wise leader who wrote many speeches and proverbs. Although most muslims accepted this decision, some supported the candidacy of ali ibn abi talib, the prophets cousin and soninlaw, husband of the prophets daughter fatima. In this book, the author covers the history of shii islam from after the death of the prophet. Dahl, chairman noury alkhaledy nazeer elazma this thesis will examine the succession to the islamic caliphate as it existed during the time of the orthodox caliphs 632661. Mar 24, 2019 abu bakr was the closest friend and companion of muhammad and the first muslim caliph. Choose from 420 different sets of caliphs islam flashcards on quizlet. This is a list of people who have held the title of caliph, the supreme religious and political. Wand the first caliph khalifa of the first islamic state after the last prophet died. He discusses in detail the rule of the three caliphs and of imam ali after that.
Dynastic struggles later caused its decline, and it ceased to exist as an effective institution in the th century. Abu bakrs first action as caliph was to send the army to syria under usama ibn zayds command to suppress the rebel tribes of hejaz and najd. When abu bakr embraced islam, the prophet prayers and peace be upon him was overjoyed, as abu bakr was a source of triumph for islam, due to his intimacy with quraish and his noble character that allah has exalted him. The greatest women in islamic history women in islam.
In the early days of the prophets mission, when the handful of muslims were subjected to relentless persecution and torture, abu bakr bore his full share of hardship. Ruled by a caliph arabic khalifah, successor, the caliphate grew rapidly during its first two centuries. Throughout islamdom, the reign of the first two rashidun caliphs prophet. He is considered by many to be the first male convert to islam. Eventually the sunni majority named for sunna, or tradition won out, and chose muhammads close friend abu bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the islamic. He also persuaded uthman and bilal to accept islam.
A few days later after the prophets death, mohammads house where his daughter fatima and ali resided, was threatened with flames some say was bur. Caliph and caliphate islamic studies oxford bibliographies. The muslims elected abubakr as the first caliph successor to the prophet. What students need to know by john calvert april 2010 vol. Shajra e aliah 1 holy prophet hazrat muhammad mustafa. The first iteration of the islamic state project was a dismal failure. Ali ibn abitalib, fourth rashidun caliph and first imam of shia islam. The life and times of the rightly guided caliphs is a detailed look into the remarkable contributions that each of these personalities made to islam. Religious authority in the first centuries of islam. We need to read these books to learn all the lessons we can learn from their lives. Because he made rule of the caliphate hereditarypassed down from father to son muawiya is said to have begun the first islamic dynasty. He accepted islam after khadija, ali ibn abi talib, and zayd bin haritha. Ali supported islam under the first caliph, but never supported the government of the first caliph. Full text pdf journal of islamic studies and culture.
Imam ali is killed, bringing to an end the rule of the four righteous caliphs. Four caliphs and spread of islam and conquest rise of islam. Abu bakr 570634 was one of the first convert to islam and a very close associate of prophet muhammad. The rest of the major sections of islam that are sunni and shiya, do not believe in this caliphate system since mirza ghulam ahmed claimed to be a prophet which. During years in the first part of revelation, he carried. Muhammads successors the four caliphs were appointed by the muslim community to carry out the leadership and rule of islam throughout the arabian peninsula and other parts of the world.
The rashidun caliphate 632661 was followed by the umayyad caliphate 661750 established by mu. Today, historians call the first caliphate the rashidun caliphate. Analysing the institution of caliphate in the context of. Abu bakr assiddiq may allah be pleased with him was a wellrespected and rich merchant of makkah, belonging to the quraysh tribe. Learn caliphs islam with free interactive flashcards.
In that speech the first caliph, abu bakr, urged the community to assist him and to correct him if he deviated from the right path. In the end, abu bakr would become the first of four caliphs, each of whom contributed significantly to the development and spread of islam. O people, allah the most kind the omniscient has told me that no apostle lives to more than half the age of him who had preceded him. Umar was succeeded as caliph by uthman, who reigned from 644 to 656. Pdf the institution of the caliphate in islam has an honorable place. As caliph, abu bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions abu bakr was a senior companion sababi and the fatherinlaw of the islamic prophet muhammad. Quran, the words khalifa, khilafat and khulafa do not bear any sense of head of. Pdf discussion over theological and political foundations of. Its name comes from the word sunnah, referring to the behaviour of the islamic prophet muhammad. At the time of the death of muhammad in 632 ce, islam and the islamic. Sep 25, 2017 caliphs of islam are the most talked about people. Atlas of the caliphate of first caliph of islam abu bakr arabic by umair mirza. The first ruler for muslims in islamic history was prophet muhammad.
But abu bakr may allah be pleased with him did not stretch out his hand. When prophet muhammad peace and blessings be upon him was bestowed prophethood, abu bakr may allah be pleased with him was away in yemen on business. He belonged to a respectable and noble family, the bani tamim, a branch of quraish tribe. The first four caliphs to rule after the death of muhammad were devotee to their founder. In abu bakrs time as caliph he dealt with the ridda which were religious and political uprisings that followed the death of mohammad in territories his armies had conquered. Succession to the caliphate in early islam pdxscholar portland. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the islamic empire first four caliphs webquest print page. Others followed by example, and abu bakr became the first caliph by general consent of the muslims.
Founded by alqaeda in iraq, the islamic state emerged at a time when iraqs sunni insurgency was fast losing momentum. Abu bakr research papers on the first caliph of the muslim empire. During his short reign as caliph, abu bakr put down rebellions by various arab tribes after muhammad died and established the caliphate as the ruling force in the region. The greatest women in islamic history from the days of muhammad to the 21st century, these women made islamic history. He was married to muhammads youngest daughter fatimah. Umar saw that the delay might lead to the reopening of the disagreements so he himself took abu bakrs hand out and pledged loyalty to him. Abu bakr, umar, uthman ibn affan, and ali of the rashidun. The islamic caliphate arose in medina in 632, just after the prophets death. Muhammads sucssors the four caliphs what christians. Uthman was chosen over ali, the soninlaw of the prophet. Thus he was two years younger than the holy prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam.
Biography of the first muslim caliph abu bakr siddiq. The first caliph was abu bakr who ruled from 632634 ce. Hazrat abu bakar siddique the first caliph of islam islam. Abu bakr, companion and adviser of the prophet muhammad, who assumed muhammads political and administrative functions after his death. Abu bakr may allah be pleased with him did his best in missionary, he immediately began to preach islam to others. Abu bakr was the most dedicated companion of the prophet. Binali, jabr alrayn fi ritha aljibrin the force of.
Some felt that the new caliph should be chosen by members of the community, rather than inheriting the title. What were the achievements of caliph abu bakr, the first. Originally the caliph was both head of state and ultimate source of religious law. These are the recommended books on lives of four caliphs of islam. The first caliph was abu bakr, followed by umar, uthman and ali. He ruled over the rashidun caliphate from 632634 ce when he became the first muslim caliph following muhammads death.
764 208 1428 959 530 1220 1384 1080 1324 360 1103 848 1141 160 1545 543 975 775 643 912 1319 677 1541 1195 968 149 420 744 1288 853 106 1357 66 40 294 128